Firearms and Toolmark Identification - Investigative Aid (IA) Process – Frequently Asked Questions

What is the definition of an unconfirmed hit? An “unconfirmed hit” is a link that has been flagged between two cartridge component images that have been uploaded onto the Integrated Ballistics Identification System (unsolved gun crime database) that shows convincing agreement. A manual microscopic comparison is not conducted in these instances, nor is a forensic report issued.

What weight does an unconfirmed hit hold and what impact does an unconfirmed hit have on an investigation? An “unconfirmed hit” will results in a Firearms Investigative Aid Notification issued to the investigator which is designed with the purpose of providing meaningful investigative leads. The notification can assist with the advancement, direction or resolution of an ongoing investigation; however, it is important to emphasize that it cannot be a substitute for an official forensic report in court.

Is an unconfirmed hit reliable? Yes. In order to be classified as an “unconfirmed hit”, a qualified Firearms Specialist must be confident that, if the imaged cartridge components were subjected to a manual comparison using a traditional comparison microscope, these components would be identified as having been fired in/from the same firearm.

When will a manual microscopic comparison be conducted and a forensic report be issued? A manual microscopic comparison to confirm the “unconfirmed hit” will be considered under the following circumstances:

1. when a forensic report is essential for the progression of an ongoing investigation;

2. if criminal charges are being pursued against an individual;

3. a firearm is recovered that is believed to be directly associated to the occurrences; or

4. a forensic report is required for court

In cases where a manual comparison is approved, the examination will be conducted in priority sequence and a formal forensic report will be issued.